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Front: Cacique Guaicaipuro (circa 1530-1568), native Venezuelan chief of both the Teques and Caracas tribes

Guaicaipuro led a powerful coalition of different tribes against the Spanish conquest of Venezuelan territory during part of the 16th century.

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Front: Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi (1799-1866), a heroine of the Venezuelan War of Independence

Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi supported the ideas of freedom and sovereignty of the people of the Americas. She was detained by the Spanish authorities in 1815 with the purpose of pressing her husband, general Juan Bautista Arismendi, who was by then battling a fierce campaign against the Royal Spanish forces. Later, she was transferred to Spain where she was also victim of tortures to make her relinquish her republican ideals. She was freed and returned to Venezuela in 1818. She lived in Caracas until her death in 1866. In recognition of her fight for Venezuelan independence, her remains were entombed in the Panteón Nacional in 1876.

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Front: Simón Rodrígues (1769-1854), a South American philosopher and educator

Simón Rodríguez, known during his exile from Spanish America as Samuel Robinson, was tutor and mentor of Simón Bolívar, the South American revolutionary leader.

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Front: Simón Bolívar (1783-1830), South American revolutionary leader

Bolívar was born in Caracas, Venezuela. He led the fight for independence in what are now the countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama and Bolivia. He served as the first president of Bolivia when it became independent from Spain in 1824. Bolívar is revered as a hero in these countries and throughout much of the rest of Hispanic America.

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