Front: Benigno Simeon "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. (1932-1983), Philippine senator 1967-1972

Back: Various scenes and gatherings of Aquino's career

Scans courtesy Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Front: Sergio Osmeña (1878-1961), 4th President of the Philippines 1944-1946

Back: National Museum (formerly Legislative palace), Manila

Scans courtesy ybnotes

Philippines, an archipelago in the western Pacific 500 miles from the southeast coast of Asia, was discovered by Spanish explorers in 1521.

The first permanent Spanish settlement was establish in 1565. Spain held the Philippines amid a growing movement of Filipino nationalism until 1898 when they were ceded to the United States at the end of the Spanish-American War.

The Filipinos then fought unsuccessfully against the United States to maintain their independent republic proclaimed by Emilio Aguinaldo. The country became a self-governing Commonwealth of the United States in 1935, occupied by Japan during WWII, and attained full independence in 1946.

For a more detailed country profile, see CIA World Factbook on Philippines.